TLR9-NOD2 Epistasis schema for Crohn's disease

Accession	MS020700046.3
Schema Caption	What is the mechanism for TLR9 and NOD2 as epistatic pair for Crohn's disease?
Schema Description	This schema is addressing the mechanism for TLR9 and NOD2 as an epistatic pair for Crohn's disease. The synergy between NOD2 and TLR9 signaling is already reported (pmid: 16227353, 15928043). Mechanisms for this synergistic effect is not clear. One possible explanation is NOD2 activation upregulates MyD88 expression (pmid: 11254557), which is related to TLR9 schema. However, this synergy is not observed for other MyD88 dependent TLRs. It is of interesting to note that NOD2 signaling is playing different roles for adaptive immune responses depending on the presence of TLR9. NOD2 signaling alone leads to strongly polarized Th2 responses, whereas in the presence of TLR9 signaling, it is polarized towards Th1 CD4+ T cell and suppress CD8+ T cell responses. TLR9 signaling alone leads to Th1, and CD8+ T cell-mediated responses. Although we know different adaptive immune responses are operative for the presence of NOD2 or TLR9 variant, the reason for these changes is not very clear.
Gene(s)	TLR9, NOD2
Keywords	Innate immunity, Adaptive immunity, Crohn's disease
Schemas Owner	Lipika R. Pal
Author(s)	Lipika R. Pal, Kunal Kundu, Lindley Darden and John Moult
Curator(s)	Lipika R. Pal, John Moult
View Schema	Schema Visualizer   Schema Report
Figure References
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